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This equates to daily highs and lows which will range between 29°C and 25°C, a warm temperature range which means that you still need to wear suntan lotion when you go outside. The average daily temperature, even now at the end of the year, still remains as high as 27°C, take a trip to Arasji when you're in the area! Fortunately, the rains are relatively weak and with the appearance of the sun, the days are pleasant and clear. It is hard for most people to envision how an additional 2°C of warming might affect daily life. [18] Temperatures dropped to −38.0 °C (−36.4 °F) in Medicine Hat, only 0.9 away from the March record low. here. RCP 4.5), we show that the climate conditions of over 77% of world’s major cities will change to such a great extent that they will resemble more closely the conditions of another major city. Cities predicted to have climates that no major city has experienced before are colored in red (mostly within the tropics). Similarly, the changing conditions of cities around the world provides another tangible example of shifting climate regimes. Found inside – Page 10London , 341 , 133 , 1992. ... The phonon frequencies abruptly harden in the low - temperature phases . Neutron38 and X - ray39,40 studies indicate that the lowest temperature phase is monoclinic and that the intermediate phases are ... Cities in the tropical regions will experience smaller changes in average temperature, relative to the higher latitudes. They explain respectively 10.5 and 7.6% of climate variations. Writing – original draft, In total, 520 cities were selected. Several studies have analyzed ‘geographic shifts’ to better illustrate climate change. Found insideIn thus presenting the contours of the crisis of “agency” in the city of London at the turn of the twentieth ... Indeed, Albert Guérard remarks that the book “may well be the coldest” of Conrad's novels.268 This change in temperature, ... This is also the highest minimum temperature ever reported during the month of July in the United Kingdom. Temperatures can drop below freezing but snow isn’t common. Yes from DOB Ecology, Plant-for-the-Planet and the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development. No, Is the Subject Area "Medical risk factors" applicable to this article? Roles No, Is the Subject Area "Geography" applicable to this article? Our analysis allows us to visualize a tangible climate future of the world’s major cities. Yes Cities in northern latitudes will experience the most dramatic shifts in extreme temperature conditions (Fig 2C and Fig 2D). [93], Following a January 27 electrical fire at the federal Metropolitan Detention Center, Brooklyn, over 1,600 inmates were held with little or no heat or electricity until power was restored on February 3. Taking into account the temperature drop from the opening and closing of the fridge door, the fridge should be set at a temperature between 1-5°C. Temperatures below -20 °C are most common at stations in East Scotland followed by North Scotland and the Midlands in England. Citation: Bastin J-F, Clark E, Elliott T, Hart S, van den Hoogen J, Hordijk I, et al. Writing – original draft, Found inside – Page 17By 11 pm, a spirit thermometer in the same position indicated that the temperature had dropped to −4 °F. Early the next morning, Howard read the lowest minimum temperature London had seen in 20 years: −5 °F (−20.6 °C).1 That night of ... Other major universities in the state, such as Indiana University, Purdue University and Ball State University, also cancelled all classes. In brief, cities of the world become hotter, in particular during the winter and the summer. (June 25 2019) "ClimateEmergency" Heatwave #FakeNews is being massively promoted by politicians, BBC and media to push the CO2 CON in a DISGRACEFUL barrage of lies. Warming centres were set up in Windsor and Chatham-Kent libraries for homeless people and anyone else affected by the cold. However, this collective action is precluded by the ‘consensus gap’ between scientific knowledge and public opinion. Several studies [10–15] and press reports [16,17] have shown that the use of ‘cities geographic shift’ or “city analogues” can help to understand and visualize the effects of climate change. * Highest daily maximum and lowest daily minimum temperature records (including all records pre-1959) appear in Daily Temperature Extremes for Britain, J.D.C. [88] The coldest wind chill was −66 °F (−54 °C) recorded at Ponsford. In early March, the cold once again shifted east, breaking records in many areas. No, Is the Subject Area "Latitude" applicable to this article? [65] Chicago also reached record lows on January 31, with a temperature of −21 °F (−29 °C) and a windchill of −41 °F (−41 °C). current London and London 2050 in (a)). Indeed, because it includes the smallest level of extrapolation and generating the smallest possible shapes, this approach has a low-risk of incorrectly identifying novel climate conditions, relative to a concave-hull approach [31]. [95][96] Governor Andrew Cuomo announced on February 4 that the United States Department of Justice would be investigating the outage. [71], Temperatures in South Bend plummeted as low as −20 °F (−29 °C),[72] and all classes at the University of Notre Dame were cancelled. The 19 current and future bioclimatic variables were extracted from the coordinates of the 520 major cities (i.e., the city centroids), meaning each city had two sets of bioclimatic metrics: the current climate data for the world’s major cities (Current Cities) and the equivalent 2050 projection (Future Cities) according to the average of the three RCP 4.5 GCMs. [28] Vancouver had its coldest February on record. Illustration of the results of the analysis for London (a; counterpart: Barcelona), Buenos Aires (b; counterpart: Sidney), Nairobi (c; counterpart:Beirut) and Portland (d; counterpart:San Antonio). Uranus holds the record for the coldest temperature ever measured in the Solar System: a very chilly -224℃.The temperature on Neptune is still very cold, of course – usually around -214℃ – but Uranus beats that. Found inside – Page 10In fact, in meteorological observations, it is necessary to know the highest temperature during the day and the lowest temperature at night [BEC 47]. It was not easy to know both temperatures with ordinary thermometers. You can view the weather statistics for all the month, but also navigating through the tabs for the beginning, the middle and the end of the month. Is the Subject Area "Climate change" applicable to this article? The brutal murder of a nine-year-old girl in 1959 has finally been solved, marking an end to one of Washington state’s oldest cold cases. In summary, at a global level, we observe a global geographic shift towards the subtropics, i.e. The future climate of each city was projected within the four principal components (using the PCA eigenvectors derived from the bioclimatic variables of the current climate) to allow for direct comparison between Current and Future Cities (Fig 1). Found inside – Page 2Formation of London smog takes place in (a) winter during daytime. (b) summer during daytime. (c) summer during morning ... Which of the following is the coldest region of atmosphere? (a) Thermosphere (b) Mesosphere (c) Troposphere (d) ... More UK climate statistics on our website. Kentucky Place Names offers a fascinating mosaic of information on families, events, politics, and local lore in the state. It will interest all Kentuckians as well as the growing number of scholars of American place names. d, A summary of the shift by latitude is illustrated in a barchart, with shifts averaged by bins of 5 degrees. Methodology, This is characterized by both increases in extreme precipitation events (+5% rainfall wettest month) and, the severity and intensity of droughts (-14% rainfall driest month). [68], Temperatures in Indianapolis plummeted as low as −11 °F (−24 °C) on January 30, tying the record low, with a wind chill of −41 °F (−41 °C). The weather in Las Vegas can vary slightly from year to year, but this data should limit surprises. Generating a unified understanding of the shifts in the climate conditions of the world’s cities is critical if we are going to visualize the impacts of climate change in any biogeographic region. a, b, the extent of change in climate conditions. Hart S, In late January 2019, a severe cold wave caused by a weakened jet stream around the Arctic polar vortex hit the Midwestern United States and Eastern Canada, killing at least 22 people. Wind chills got dangerously low as −58 °F (−50 °C) on January 30, 2019. From late December to early January, a sudden stratospheric warming event was observed over the Arctic, which caused the "polar vortex" to weaken and split into three lobes. London in (a)) and the current climate of the city to which the city of interest (e.g. It is even possible to go sightseeing in peace. Austin, California, Gulf Shores (Alabama), Houston, Louisiana and Mobile (Alabama) have good weather. Crowther Lab, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland, Roles Yet, using an optimistic climate change scenario, we found that the velocity (i.e. More UK climate statistics on our website. 10-year temperature averages for Toronto, 2010 to 2019 These charts show the evolution of average minimum/maximum temperatures as well as average daily precipitation volume in Las Vegas in december. [79][80], On January 31, the city of Flint recorded a low temperature of −14 °F (−26 °C), breaking the record for that date of −8 °F (−22 °C), set in 1963. Describes the experiences of a newcomer to the Yukon when he attempts to hike through the snow to reach a mining claim. The Euclidean distance was calculated using the vegan package on R (RCran version 3.3.2) [30]. Rather than describing the quantitative changes in climate variables [18], we propose to quantify city climate analogs at a global scale [10–12], i.e. Found inside – Page 609LOWEST DEG . COLDEST DAY 7 a . m . 2 p . m . 9 p . m . Mean cloudiness . Date . Temp . Date . M'n temp . Date . Temp . ... 06 New London 37. 29 52. ... 33 6.4 a Same temperature on the 10th . b Sume temperature on the 2019 and 30th . Most of these events were caused by an atmospheric river known as the Pineapple Express. The combination with a single-day 25 centimetres (10 in) snowfall was the coldest snowiest day in nearly a century. In addition to this, London holds multiple national records, including the record maximum for the months of February, April, May and June. (ii) What proportion of cities will experience novel climate conditions that are outside the range experiences by cities today? The weather in Las Vegas in december comes from statistical datas on the last years. Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland, 16 Oct 2019: [64], In the Chicago area, temperatures plummeted as low as −23 °F (−31 °C) at O'Hare International Airport on January 30, with a windchill of −52 °F (−47 °C). [92] The wind chill that previous night was −25 °F (−32 °C). According to the UK food standards agency, the ideal fridge temperature for food is 8°C and below. Couple George and Vera Dowler from Eltham in south east London have told of their anger at having to pay a £12.50 ULEZ charge every time … Analyses and figures were performed using R, maps were built using Q-GIS 3.0. Weather in Las Vegas in december 2021. [10], The "polar vortex" split into three parts, with the dominant part setting up over the Great Lakes and Nunavut. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0217592.g003. (June 25 2019) "ClimateEmergency" Heatwave #FakeNews is being massively promoted by politicians, BBC and media to push the CO2 CON in a DISGRACEFUL barrage of lies. [6] As a result, February 2019 was among the coldest and snowiest on record in these regions. Yes Formal analysis, Fortunately, such showers remain relatively weak and dissipate rapidly - in favor of a weather in Las Vegas throughout December that is still acceptable. [81] In Metro Detroit on January 31, temperatures were between −5 °F (−21 °C) to −15 °F (−26 °C) with windchill values between −20 °F (−29 °C) and −40 °F (−40 °C). heat stress, air and water quality, food supply, distribution of vectors of diseases, social factors), the intangible nature of reporting on climate change fails to adequately convey the urgency of this issue to a public audience on a consistent basis[3]. [55], On February 8, temperatures dropped to −42 °C (−44 °F) and a wind chill of −47 °C (−53 °F) in Regina. Webb and G.T. The Mayor of London has factored drought considerations into his Environment Strategy aims for 2050 [33], but this study can provide the context to facilitate the development of more targeted climate strategies. Found insideThe mean decrease of temperature due to elevation, I have stated (Appendix I.) to be about 1 degree for every 300 feet ... between the mean temperatures of the hottest and coldest months; whilst in London, with a lower mean temperature, ... The first set of high and low temperatures are averages for 2010 to 2019. This is also the highest minimum temperature ever reported during the month of July in the United Kingdom. To characterize the current climate conditions among these major cities of the world, we extracted 19 bioclimatic variables from the latest Worldclim global raster layers (Version 2; period 1970–2000) at 30 arc-seconds resolution [20]. Global analysis of temperature extremes and diurnal temperature range. While our findings are necessarily dependent on the methodology used to identify the climatic shifts, it is widely recognized that the choice of the metric to assess the similarity-dissimilarity of the climate conditions between cities has an extremely minor effect, compared to the choice of the climate model and scenario[32]. This work was supported by grants to T.W.C. Elliott T, In addition, this information can also empower local citizens to evaluate proposed environmental policies. Taking into account the temperature drop from the opening and closing of the fridge door, the fridge should be set at a temperature between 1-5°C. … Images of Barcelona and London were obtained on Pixabay, shared under common creative CC0 license. Found insideThe first full year of the war began with a big chill: the newspapers proclaimed it the coldest since the Battle ... Temperatures in central London were below zero for a week and there was skating on the Serpentine on six inches of ice. Plant Ecology, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland, Affiliation [63] Nearby Washington Dulles International Airport reached an air temperature of −2 °F (−19 °C),[63] the coldest reading since another cold spell in February 2015. However, our results are likely to reflect the qualitative direction of climate changes within cities and so meet our primary goal, which is to communicate predicted climate changes to a non-specialist audience in order to motivate action. Temperatures below -20 °C are most common at stations in East Scotland followed by North Scotland and the Midlands in England. 10-year temperature averages for Ottawa, 2010 to 2019 We notably predict that Madrid’s climate in 2050 will resemble Marrakech’s climate today, Stockholm will resemble Budapest, London to Barcelona, Moscow to Sofia, Seattle to San Francisco, Tokyo to Changsha. For example, across Europe, both summers and winters will get warmer, with average increases of 3.5°C and 4.7°C, respectively. When food is refrigerated, the growth of bacteria is slowed. In London, the capital of ... On the coldest nights of the year, the temperature generally drops to -4/-5 °C (23/25 °F), but can sometimes drop to lower values. When food is refrigerated, the growth of bacteria is slowed. In September, temperatures start to drop, but are still comfortable in the high 50s and low 60s. [86], Hundreds of Michigan schools and businesses were closed for the entire week. * Highest daily maximum and lowest daily minimum temperature records (including all records pre-1959) appear in Daily Temperature Extremes for Britain, J.D.C. Found inside – Page 49London: Royal Meteorological Society. ... London: Pergamon. 1969a Corrected temperature data 1771–1798 at Lyndon in Rutland, taken from Thomas Barker's observations. ... 1975 1684: the coldest winter in the English instrumental record. History has repeatedly shown us that data and facts alone do not inspire humans to change their beliefs or act [3]. You plan to visit Las Vegas in United States in december : check how are the weather and seasonal norms below. [60] On February 22, snow was reported in the lower elevations West Hollywood, Eagle Rock and Pasadena within the urban areas of Los Angeles. In addition, an extremely rare microburst occurred in the Long Beach area, knocked down trees and fences. At least one person died as a result of exposure. by defining a volume from simplices (“triangles”) that form the smallest convex simplicial complex of a set of input points in 4-dimensional space), we applied a conservative method for evaluating future change. Since then, the municipal government has implemented a series of ‘smart initiatives‘ to manage the city’s water resources (including the control of park irrigation and water fountain levels). Found inside – Page 6590... length Biggest Museum British Museum (London) Tallest Minaret (Free Standing) Tallest Minaret Qutub Minar, Delhi 238 ft. ... Coldest Place or Region Verkhoyansk (Syberia), Temperature – 85°C Driest Place Death Valley (California); ... To identify the hottest, coldest, and most diurnally variable spots, we searched for daily and yearly maximum and minimum LSTs and maximum DTRs across the globe from 4 July 2002 to 31 December 2019. It was caused by cold air arriving from the north alongside a low-pressure system, dropping temperatures to the 30s and 40s. On the plane defined by the first two components of the PCA (Fig 1A), explaining respectively 40.2 and 26.9% of climate variations, we observe changes towards less temperature seasonality, with higher maximal and minimal temperatures during the year, as well as higher precipitation seasonality, with higher precipitation in the wettest month but lower precipitation in the driest one. [9], On January 29, at 10:30 p.m., about 150 homes in the Princeton area, about an hour north of Minneapolis, lost natural gas service. here. [53], Among those killed by the cold was Hélène Rowley Hotte, the 93-year-old mother of Gilles Duceppe, a former federal opposition leader. Found inside – Page 32... 12 city cross-section, 16–19 climatic zones (Grand Canyon), 30–3 coal mine, |7 coldest temperature, 2. ... 6–7 trilobites, 9 Tower Bridge, 26–27 turntable ladder, 8 U Underground, London, 16 Universal City, 23 urine, ||, 29 Venice, ... [51], The cold snap in Montreal began with a blizzard where base temperatures reached −15 °C (5 °F). Here, we test the extent to which the iconic cities around the world are likely to shift in response to climate change. Of course, the climate scenarios that we have used are based on predictions from a few climate models, run under a single (business as usual) climate scenario. However, it remains unclear if this trend holds at a global scale, as other climate drivers such as changing precipitation regimes may obscure these latitudinal trends. Found insideThe lowest temperature on Earth ever recorded (-128.6 ∞ F) was measured in 1983 at Vostok Research Station in the Eastern Antarctic interior. Christopher C. Joyner, Antarctica and the Law of the Sea, London: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers ... … The extent and consistency of these patterns provides a stark reminder of the global scale of this climate change threat and associated risks for human health. As iconic locations, cities are associated with distinct sets of environmental conditions. Activists and some New York officials became involved in seeking to improve conditions. [7] In mid-March, the cold wave finally retreated, but combined with above-average temperatures, precipitation, and a deep snowpack, widespread flooding ensued in the Central US. Moline in the Quad Cities reached an all-time record low of −33 °F (−36 °C). PLOS ONE 14(10): e0224120. Realtime rain UK, Ireland, Scotland and Wales. Yes [25] On February 11 the city recorded a temperature of −32.7 °C (−26.9 °F) with a wind chill of −39 °C (−38 °F). Webb and G.T. The average daily temperature, even now at the end of the year, still remains as high as 27°C, take a trip to Arasji when you're in the area! The first set of high and low temperatures are averages for 2010 to 2019. Data Availability: All relevant data are within the manuscript and its Supporting Information files. [19], On February 4, the temperature in Richmond dropped to −5.6 °C (21.9 °F) with a wind chill of −11 °C (12 °F). [8], At least 22 deaths in North America have been directly attributed to the cold wave, with several of these people frozen to death (hypothermia). [94] Numerous inmates reported ill health and were seen banging on windows for help. At the global scale, our study reveals that geographical shift tend to converge towards the subtropics (Fig 4), going to warmer climate conditions from boreal and temperate regions and to drier conditions from tropical regions. [70], Hundreds of schools and businesses closed and the United States Postal Service suspended delivery service on Wednesday, January 30 and Thursday, January 31. Nonetheless, Mahony and colleagues [31] highlighted the need to standardize the contribution of each climate variable to the dissimilarity matrix and to account for correlation between them to avoid any bias[31]. The climatic conditions of the second ten days of December are identical to those of the previous period. As such, Southern Hemisphere or tropical cities, which already exist in warm conditions and are likely to experience considerable changes in precipitation and extreme climate variation, may show independent geographic shifts under changing climate conditions. [33], Temperatures reached −20.7 °C (−5.3 °F) in Ashcroft on February 5, the coldest temperature recorded in February since record keeping began in 2010. Our study also allows the extension of such observations to the global scale, showing that observations for Europe can be generalized for the entire Northern Hemisphere and for a part of the southern hemisphere (Fig 2B). This method was preferred to the sigma-dissimilarity developed by Mahony and colleagues[31] for its simplicity and it broad use in ecological sciences. On February 5, Edmonton recorded a temperature of −32.3 °C (−26.1 °F) and a wind chill of −37 °C (−35 °F),[14] as a result of the "polar vortex" making its way west. Realtime rain UK, Ireland, Scotland and Wales. [1][2] It came after a winter storm brought up to 13 inches (33 cm) of snow in some regions from January 27–29, and brought the coldest temperatures in over 20 years to most locations in the affected region, including some all-time record lows. In the present study, we address this using a scaled principal component analysis to summarize the main bioclimatic variations among the 520 major cities. [40] The temperature in Baker Lake dropped to a frigid −41 °C (−42 °F) with a wind chill of −59 °C (−74 °F), its lowest recorded wind chill on record. ", "4th Chicago death attributed to bitter cold snap", "Cold Temperatures of January 30–31, 2019", "The impact of the frigid cold, snowstorm, by the numbers", "South Bend sets record for Jan. 30 but doesn't break all-time record...yet", "IPS and universities close for Wednesday due to dangerous cold", "University of Iowa student dies after being found unresponsive during polar vortex", "Will the polar vortex affect Louisville? Uranus holds the record for the coldest temperature ever measured in the Solar System: a very chilly -224℃.The temperature on Neptune is still very cold, of course – usually around -214℃ – but Uranus beats that. Found inside – Page 225Our geotechnical survey aimed to provide The climate of the study area is Arctic, marked comprehensive descriptions ... the average air local soil temperature regime) and to reinforce the temperature in the coldest month being –28.0°C ... In addition, 22% of cities will experience climate conditions that are not currently experienced by any existing major cities. [29] One benefit from the cold, however, was that it killed many Japanese beetles, an invasive species to the area. However, this collective action is precluded by the ‘consensus gap’ between scientific knowledge and public opinion. By using this optimistic climate change scenario, we represent conservative changes in climate conditions that are likely to occur even if substantial climate change mitigation occurs. [39], Environment Canada issued extreme cold warnings for most of Nunavut. For each output, a delta downscaling method developed by the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) was applied to reach a resolution of 30 arc-seconds [24], using current conditions Worldclim 1.4 as a reference. [42], Ottawa experienced its snowiest January on record with temperatures as low as −25 °C (−13 °F). Fortunately, such showers remain relatively weak and dissipate rapidly - in favor of a weather in Las Vegas throughout December that is still acceptable. Everything else here is based on 1981 to 2010 weather. In winter, temperatures drop to the 40s, with January and February the coldest months of the year. Everything else here is based on 1981 to 2010 weather. Images of cities were obtained on Pixabay, and openly shared under CC0 common creative license. London has a temperate climate with regular, light rain throughout the year. Everything else here is based on 1981 to 2010 weather. [20], On the same day, the temperature in Abbotsford dropped to −9 °C (16 °F) with a wind chill of −20 °C (−4 °F). Large amounts of snow fell in the affected area. Found inside... the mean temperature of the hottest summer month in the latitude of London when the summer occurs in perihelion, 113°; the mean temperature of the coldest winter month in the latitude of London when the winter occurs in aphelion, ... The continuous line in the boxes represents the median of the distribution, the extremities of the boxes the 1st and the 3rd quartile and the continuous lines go up to 1.5 times the difference between the 3st and the 1rd quartile. Correction: Understanding climate change from a global analysis of city analogues. Increased scientific literacy has no correlation with the acceptance of climate change facts [4]. Cities below 20 degrees North/South tend to move away from the equator (positive latitudinal shift) while cities beyond 20 degrees North/South tend to move closer to the equator (negative latitudinal shift). However, the coldest planet is not Neptune, but Uranus – even though Uranus is a billion miles closer to the Sun than Neptune. These changes would be equivalent to a city shifting ~1,000 km further south towards the subtropics, i.e. Uranus holds the record for the coldest temperature ever measured in the Solar System: a very chilly -224℃.The temperature on Neptune is still very cold, of course – usually around -214℃ – but Uranus beats that. In the early morning of January 31, 2019, Washington, D.C., as measured at Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport, reached 10 °F (−12 °C). The climate conditions of remaining 23% of cities remained most closely associated with their current climate conditions. [34], On February 6, the temperature in Nanaimo dropped to −6.7 °C (19.9 °F) and a wind chill of −9 °C (16 °F). For reference, a convex hull of a set of N-dimensional points forms the smallest possible hypervolume (in N-dimensions) containing all points defined in that set; in this case, it defines the bounds of climatic combinations that Earth currently experiences in these 520 cities. 10-year temperature averages for Toronto, 2010 to 2019 The genus Psidium is composed of approximately 150 species of evergreen trees and shrubs in the American tropics.A good taxonomic classification of this genus is lacking. Found insideIn none of the winter months—from December through March—is the average daily low temperature in Washington warmer than in London, and the lowest temperature ever recorded in Washington is lower for each of those winter months than in ... On February 3, Calgary recorded a temperature of −27.7 °C (−17.9 °F) and a wind chill of −39 °C (−38 °F). The projected shifts showed consistent biogeographic trends, with all city climates (both southern and northern hemisphere) generally shifting towards the conditions in warmer, low-latitude regions. Found inside – Page 84... Museum Ocean Peninsula Superlatives of the World (Largest, Biggest, Smallest, Longest, Highest) Place Biggest—British Museum (London) Deepest and Biggest—The Pacific Largest—Arabia Coldest—Vershoyansk (Siberia) Temperature 850°C ... towards ~20 degrees of latitude (Fig 2B and Fig 4). To avoid un-realistic shifts or shifts due to pixel mismatch between Current and Future climate conditions, the final analysis was performed keeping shift values between the 5th and the 95th percentile, i.e. The book comprises a collection of linked essays based on the Weatherwise columns in the Sunday Telegraph , but rewritten and featuring new material. It offers an introduction to the British climate and explains how the weather works.

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