1933 sanriku earthquake

J. Film is silent. The paper was improved through the comments of two anonymous reviewers. The 1933 Sanriku earthquake (昭和三陸地震 Shōwa Sanriku Jishin?) Hydrodynamic simulations based on a range of possible sources consistent with the above findings, including a compound rupture on two opposite-facing normal-faulting segments, are in satisfactory agreement with tsunami observations in Hawaii, where run-up reached 3 m, causing significant damage. This study uses advanced methods to investigate this event using far-field seismological and tsunami data and complements a sister study by Uchida et al. The initial shock occurred at 0231 AM local time on March 3, 1933 (1731 GMT March 2, 1933). 1935 — Charles Richter develops the Richter scale, which rates earthquakes based on the size of their seismic waves. The 1933 Showa Sanriku earthquake is considered to have been an outer-rise earthquake, the rupture of a normal fault in the oceanic plate entering the Japan Trench. The earthquake had a moment magnitude of 8.4 and the associated tsunami caused widespread damage. Official Magnitude updated 07-Nov-2016. "日本海溝・千島海溝周辺海溝型地震に関する専門調査会報告" by 日本海溝・千島海溝周辺海溝型地震に関する専門調査会, "Outer trench-slope faulting and the 2011 M, The Great Meiji Sanriku tsunami of 1896 is estimated to have generated a wave 38.2 meters high (, "Historical Earthquakes:The 1933 Sanriku earthquake", Masayuki Nakao, "The Great Meiji Sanriku Tsunami", Historic video footage of devastation following 1933 Sanriku Earthquake, https://infogalactic.com/w/index.php?title=1933_Sanriku_earthquake&oldid=5127898, Pages with citations using unsupported parameters, Articles containing Japanese-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, About Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core. [5], Although the earthquake did little damage, the associated tsunami, which was recorded to reach the height of 28.7 metres (94 ft) at Ōfunato, Iwate, caused extensive damage, destroyed many homes and caused numerous casualties [6] The tsunami destroyed over 7,000 homes along the northern Japanese coastline, of which over 4,885 were washed away. The 1933 Sanriku-oki earthquake offshore northern Honshu, Japan (Mw 8. 1933-03-02 17:31:00 (UTC) 39.209°N 144.590°E. © The Authors 2016. A wide variety of data, including the distribution of isoseismals, the large magnitudes (up to 8.9) proposed by early investigators before the standardization of magnitude scales, estimates of energy-to-moment ratios and the tentative identification of a T wave at Pasadena (and possibly Riverside), clearly indicate that this seismic source was exceptionally rich in high-frequency wave energy, suggesting a large apparent stress and a sharp rise time, and consistent with the behaviour of many smaller shallow normal-faulting earthquakes. The Sanriku coast was severely damaged not only by the 2011 Tohoku tsunami, but also by the tsunamis that followed the 1933 Showa Sanriku and 1896 Meiji Sanriku earthquakes. After 83 yr, the great normal-faulting earthquake of 1933 March 2, which took place off the Japan Trench and produced a devastating tsunami on the Sanriku coast and damaging waves in Hawaii, remains the largest recorded normal-faulting earthquake. This page was last modified on 20 October 2015, at 02:19. which used exclusively arrival times at Japanese stations. The 1933 Sanriku earthquake (M s 8.5) also generated significant tsunami damage with ~3,000 fatalities. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 4 (4), 289-300. The 1933 Sanriku earthquake (昭和三陸地震, Shōwa Sanriku Jishin) occurred on the Sanriku coast of the Tōhoku region of Honshū, Japan on March 2. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84988799199&partnerID=8YFLogxK, UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84988799199&partnerID=8YFLogxK, Powered by Pure, Scopus & Elsevier Fingerprint Engine™ © 2021 Elsevier B.V, "We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content. Together they form a unique fingerprint. Publisher Copyright: Dive into the research topics of 'The Showa Sanriku earthquake of 1933 March 2: A global seismological reassessment'. 11, Lamond Publications, 1986, p. 157-169. and from The associated tsunami caused widespread damage. The people remained with no homes, security and protection. which used exclusively arrival times at Japanese stations. Relocated aftershocks show a band of genuine shallow aftershocks parallel to the Japan Trench under the outer trench slope and a region of post-mainshock events landward of the trench axis that occur over roughly the same latitude range and are thought to be the result of stress transfer to the interplate thrust boundary following the normalfaulting rupture. Some figures were plotted using the GMT software (Wessel & Smith 1991). / Okal, Emile A.; Kirby, Stephen H.; Kalligeris, Nikos. The focal process of the Sanriku earthquake of March 2, 1933, is discussed in relation to the bending mechanism of the lithosphere. Hydrodynamic simulations based on a range of possible sources consistent with the above findings, including a compound rupture on two opposite-facing normal-faulting segments, are in satisfactory agreement with tsunami observations in Hawaii, where run-up reached 3 m, causing significant damage. The associated tsunami caused widespread damage.. Earthquake. This study uses advanced methods to investigate this event using far-field seismological and tsunami data and complements a sister study by Uchida et al. The 1933 Sanriku earthquake (昭和三陸地震, Shōwa Sanriku Jishin) occurred on the Sanriku coast of the Tōhoku region of Honshū, Japan on March 2 with a moment magnitude of 8.4. The epicenter occurred far enough away from the town that the earthquake itself did little damage to buildings. 1933 Sanriku Earthquake The 1933 Sanriku earthquake (昭和三陸地震, Shōwa Sanriku Jishin) occurred on the Sanriku coast of the Tōhoku region of Honshū, Japan on March 2 with a moment magnitude of 8.4. Rat Islands Earthquake. Japan saw a lot of seismic activity during the early 1700s. journal = "Geophysical Journal International". Hydrodynamic simulations based on a range of possible sources consistent with the above findings, including a compound rupture on two opposite-facing normal-faulting segments, are in satisfactory agreement with tsunami observations in Hawaii, where run-up reached 3 m, causing significant damage. A wide variety of data, including the distribution of isoseismals, the large magnitudes (up to 8.9) proposed by early investigators before the standardization of magnitude scales, estimates of energy-to-moment ratios and the tentative identification of a T wave at Pasadena (and possibly Riverside), clearly indicate that this seismic source was exceptionally rich in high-frequency wave energy, suggesting a large apparent stress and a sharp rise time, and consistent with the behaviour of many smaller shallow normal-faulting earthquakes. A great earthquake occurred on March 2, 1933 (UTC DATE) in the Sanriku region of Japan and generated a destructive tsunami that caused extensive damage along the Sanriku coast of the Tohoku region of the island of Honshu. Ground shaking was felt with intensities of 4 to 5 in a wide area of eastern Japan, not only … This study emphasizes the need to include off-trench normal-faulting earthquake sources in global assessments of tsunami hazards emanating from the subduction of old and cold plates, whose total length of trenches exceed 20 000 km, even though only a handful of great such events are known with confidence in the instrumental record. abstract = "After 83 yr, the great normal-faulting earthquake of 1933 March 2, which took place off the Japan Trench and produced a devastating tsunami on the Sanriku coast and damaging waves in Hawaii, remains the largest recorded normal-faulting earthquake. 1960 — At magnitude 9.5, the 1960 Valdivia earthquake in Chile is the most powerful quake ever recorded. After 83 yr, the great normal-faulting earthquake of 1933 March 2, which took place off the Japan Trench and produced a devastating tsunami on the Sanriku coast and damaging waves in Hawaii, remains the largest recorded normal-faulting earthquake. [2] The death toll came to 1522 people confirmed dead, 1542 missing, and 12,053 injured. We thank Roger Buck for discussions on stress release in the upper plate, Norihito Umino for access to T. Matuzawa's collection of original seismograms and to the Omori records from the Mizusawa archives, and Takeo Ishibe for a data set of intensity values during the 2011 Tohoku earthquake. The 8.5 magnitude earthquake occurred at 19:32 (local time) on June 15, 1896, approximately 166 kilometres (103 mi) off the coast of Iwate Prefecture, Honshu.It resulted in two tsunamis which destroyed about 9,000 homes and caused at least 22,000 deaths. Hardest hit was the town of Tarō, Iwate (now part of Miyako city), with 98% of its houses destroyed and 42% of its population killed. (2016) relocations. Based on a combination of P-wave first motions and inversion of surface wave spectral amplitudes, we propose a normal-faulting focal mechanism (φ = 200°, δ = 61° and λ= 271°) and a seismic moment M0 = (7 ± 1) × 1028 dyn cm (Mw = 8.5). Reference: Kanamori, H. (1971). N1 - Funding Information: [7], From Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core. 1965-02-04. Preventive coastal measures were not implemented until after another tsunami struck in 1933. The 1933 Sanriku earthquake (昭和三陸地震, Shōwa Sanriku Jishin) occurred on the Sanriku coast of the Tōhoku region of Honshū, Japan on March 2 with a moment magnitude of 8.4. Hence the relation between the 1896 and 2011 tsunami sources is an important scientific as well as … The as­so­ci­ated tsunami caused wide­spread dam­age. This study uses advanced methods to investigate this event using far-field seismological and tsunami data and complements a sister study by Uchida et al. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We are grateful to Hiroo Kanamori for sending us a preliminary write up of his solution for the moment of the 1933 earthquake, and to Naoki Uchida for collaboration and a data set of Uchida et al. By continuing you agree to the use of cookies. Based on a combination of P-wave first motions and inversion of surface wave spectral amplitudes, we propose a normal-faulting focal mechanism (φ = 200°, δ = 61° and λ= 271°) and a seismic moment M0 = (7 ± 1) × 1028 dyn cm (Mw = 8.5). Relocated aftershocks show a band of genuine shallow aftershocks parallel to the Japan Trench under the outer trench slope and a region of post-mainshock events landward of the trench axis that occur over roughly the same latitude range and are thought to be the result of stress transfer to the interplate thrust boundary following the normalfaulting rupture. title = "The Showa Sanriku earthquake of 1933 March 2: A global seismological reassessment". This study emphasizes the need to include off-trench normal-faulting earthquake sources in global assessments of tsunami hazards emanating from the subduction of old and cold plates, whose total length of trenches exceed 20 000 km, even though only a handful of great such events are known with confidence in the instrumental record. A wide variety of data, including the distribution of isoseismals, the large magnitudes (up to 8.9) proposed by early investigators before the standardization of magnitude scales, estimates of energy-to-moment ratios and the tentative identification of a T wave at Pasadena (and possibly Riverside), clearly indicate that this seismic source was exceptionally rich in high-frequency wave energy, suggesting a large apparent stress and a sharp rise time, and consistent with the behaviour of many smaller shallow normal-faulting earthquakes. Our relocation of the main shock (39.22°N, 144.45°E, with a poorly constrained depth of less than 40 km) places it in the outer trench slope, below a seafloor depth of ~6500 m, in a region of horst-and-graben structure, with fault scarps approximately parallel to the axis of the Japan Trench. In the northern part of the Japan Trench, the 1933 Showa-Sanriku earthquake (Mw 8.4), an outer-trench, normal-faulting earthquake, occurred 37 yr after the 1896 Meiji-Sanriku tsunami earthquake (Mw 8.0), a shallow, near-trench, plate-interface rupture. [3], This earthquake was an intraplate earthquake in the Pacific Plate. On the basis of the P times obtained at more than 200 stations, it is confirmed that the hypocenter of this earthquake is within the lithosphere beneath the Japan trench. 51.25°N. (2016) relocations. keywords = "Earthquake source observations, Intra-plate processes, Tsunamis". Footage of the destruction in the Long Beach area after the Long Beach Earthquake, March 10, 1933. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Royal Astronomical Society. and Kirby, {Stephen H.} and Nikos Kalligeris". The Showa Sanriku earthquake of 1933 March 2. which … EAO was partially supported by the National Science Foundation, under subcontract from the University of Pittsburgh's Hazards SEES Grant number OCE-1331463; NK enjoyed support from the National Science Foundation under Grant CMI-1538624 to the University of Southern California. Tsunamis generated by both earthquakes caused severe damage along the Sanriku coast. The northeast coast of Honshu, Japan, in Iwate Prefecture, was hit with a powerful earthquake of magnitude 8.4 on March 2, 1933. The associated tsunami caused widespread damage. Lua error in Module:Coordinates at line 668: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. The paper was improved through the comments of two anonymous reviewers. The 1933 earthquake was the largest earthquake hitherto ever reported among normal fault earthquakes, with Mw = 8.5 (Okal et al. The 1896 Sanriku earthquake (明治三陸地震, Meiji Sanriku Jishin) was one of the most destructive seismic events in Japanese history. The Showa Sanriku earthquake of 1933 March 2: A global seismological reassessment. This study emphasizes the need to include off-trench normal-faulting earthquake sources in global assessments of tsunami hazards emanating from the subduction of old and cold plates, whose total length of trenches exceed 20 000 km, even though only a handful of great such events are known with confidence in the instrumental record.". This study emphasizes the need to include off-trench normal-faulting earthquake sources in global assessments of tsunami hazards emanating from the subduction of old and cold plates, whose total length of trenches exceed 20 000 km, even though only a handful of great such events are known with confidence in the instrumental record. The Sanriku region was the most affected area in Japan. The epicenter of the 1933 Sanriku earthquake was located offshore, 290 kilometres (180 mi) east of the city of Kamaishi, Iwate. author = "Okal, {Emile A.} which used exclusively arrival times at Japanese stations. It occurred along the Japan Trench in the northern tsunami source area of the 2011 Tohoku earthquake where a delayed tsunami generation has been proposed. 178.72°E. EAO was partially supported by the National Science Foundation, under subcontract from the University of Pittsburgh's Hazards SEES Grant number OCE-1331463; NK enjoyed support from the National Science Foundation under Grant CMI-1538624 to the University of Southern California. ) earthquake, Japan on March 2: a global seismological reassessment ''. 8.4 - 1933 Sanriku earthquake of 1933 March 2: a global seismological reassessment '' 'The Sanriku. Sanriku-Oki earthquake offshore northern Honshu, Japan ( Mw 8 after the Long Beach earthquake March. 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