definition of masculinity

Grammar Relating or belonging to the gender of words or forms that refer chiefly to males or to things grammatically... 4. ¡Oye! [152] The 'We Can End Violence against Women' campaign is another anti-violence initiative in Pakistan, developed by the Oxfam GB group in South Asia. Pp. Amjad Alsyouf argues that African novelists Tayeb Salih and Chinua Achebe, for example, bring some Western influence to the gender roles portrayed in their respective novels. [36] Masculinity is also secured by denying any semblance of softness, emotion, femininity, or any characteristic associated with women. 'straight male cancer') are used as pejoratives referring to men exhibiting misogyny, dominance, and homophobia. Traduction de 'definition of masculinity' dans le dictionnaire anglais-français gratuit et beaucoup d'autres traductions françaises dans le dictionnaire bab.la. Brett Martin and Juergen Gnoth (2009) found that although feminine men privately preferred feminine models, they expressed a preference for traditional masculine models in public; according to the authors, this reflected social pressure on men to endorse traditional masculine norms. Copyright © 2002, 2001, 1995 by Houghton Mifflin Company. [2][3][4] It is distinct from the definition of the biological male sex,[5][6] as both males and females can exhibit masculine traits. In spite of her aggressive masculinity, she is somehow made in her way really attractive. Herbivore men refers to young Japanese men who naturally detach themselves from masculinity. They are often trying to provide for their own nuclear families and cannot also fulfill the cultural obligations commonly attached to fatherhood. [137], Masculinity is also an important concept in advertisement branding in the Islamic culture. He writes that the "crisis" is not a recent phenomenon, illustrating several periods of masculine crisis throughout history (some predating the women's movement and post-industrial society), suggesting that due to masculinity's fluid nature "crisis is constitutive of masculinity itself". society forces the males of its population to express themselves through the values of masculinity. The American Heritage® Stedman's Medical Dictionary [106] Abigail Solomou-Godeau's work on post-revolutionary French art addresses a strong, constant patriarchy. She stared without speaking at his square face, fierce with determination—at his roused, dominating masculinity. [104], Media images of boys and young men may lead to the persistence of harmful concepts of masculinity. masculinity (n.) 1. the trait of being manly; having the characteristics of an adult male. Those involving play have central themes of mastery (of nature or each other), risk and adventure: fishing, camping, playing sports or socializing in bars. When sexuality is defined in terms of object choice (as in early sexology studies), male homosexuality may be interpreted as effeminacy. All the messages surrounding what it means to be a man in this world created a box—a definition of masculinity—that to fit into forced me to wage war against myself. Additionally, initiatives like the "One Man Can" program were formed, which aim to provide HIV prevention and an anti-violence program to men in the country. [130], In Chinese and Taiwanese popular culture, phrases such as "大男人" (lit. [140], Adharsh Raj and Manash Pratim Goswami write that in India, young people often copy negative behaviors seen as being traditionally masculine in Bollywood films. [127]:86–89, The crisis has also been attributed to the questioning of male dominance and rights granted to men solely on the basis of sex following the feminist movement. In sociology, this labeling is known as gender assumptions and is part of socialization to meet the mores of a society. Although traditional gender norms are gradually changing, female athletes, especially those that participate in male-dominated sports such as boxing, weight lifting, American football, ice hockey, and motor sports, are still often viewed as deviating from the boundaries of femininity and may suffer negative repercussions. [21], In his book Germania (98 AD), Tacitus stated that the men from the ancient Germanic tribes fought aggressively in battle to protect their women from capture by the enemy. Wouldn't life be dull without the flair and imagination of queer fashion designers and interior decorators? [132] Additionally, there is some indication that Westernized views of masculinity have been pushed onto a global audience through print media advertisements, as well. As such, it emphasizes gender, not biological sex, and the diversity of identities among different groups of men. [47] Social disapproval of excessive masculinity may be expressed as "machismo"[13] or by neologisms such as "testosterone poisoning". Shoelaces, rainbow, toothpaste, and haircuts are all what type of noun? Toxic masculinity is a loaded subject. My personal definition of masculinity is a perfect combination of fearlessness, empathy, and confidence. Young women and men exercise excessively in an effort to achieve what they consider an attractively-fit and muscular body, which may lead to body dysmorphic disorder or muscle dysmorphia. This has influenced the field of masculinity, as seen in Pierre Bourdieu's definition of masculinity: produced by society and culture, and reproduced in daily life. Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Masculinity as Homophobia: Fear, Shame, and Silence in the Construction of Gender Identity", "Machismo (exaggerated masculinity) - Encyclopædia Britannica", "The ethics of nobody I know: gender and the politics of description", "Bible Gateway passage: 1 Kings 2:2 - King James Version", "Cornelius Tacitus, The Annals, BOOK 1, chapter 59", "Research and insights from Indiana University", http://footnote.co/where-does-gender-come-from/, "Gender identity and expression issues at colleges and universities", National Association of College and University Attorneys, "Chrysler TV ad criticized for using gay stereotypes", "Third wave feminist linguistics and the analysis of sexism", Gender trouble: feminism and the subversion of identity, "What straight men could learn from gay men - a queer kind of masculinity? [103] His work on Victorian masculinity uses individual experience in letters and sketches to illustrate broader cultural and social customs, such as birthing or Christmas traditions. Print. ), n. The state or quality of being masculine; masculineness. Herbivore men are severely criticized by men who love masculinity. Something traditionally considered to be characteristic of a male. toxic masculinity meaning: 1. ideas about the way that men should behave that are seen as harmful, for example the idea that…. Hormones and our physiology account for our ability to be aggressive and violent. Feminine-looking men tended to come out earlier after being labeled gay by their peers. Alongside hegemonic masculinity, Connell postulated that there are other forms of masculinities (marginalised and subordinated), which according to the findings of a plethora of studies are constructed in oppressive ways (Thorne 1993). [64], A study by the Center for Theoretical Study at Charles University in Prague and the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic found significant differences in shape among the faces of heterosexual and gay men, with gay men having more "stereotypically masculine" features ("undermin[ing] stereotypical notions of gay men as more feminine looking. [13] Virility (from the Latin vir, "man") is similar to masculinity, but especially emphasizes strength, energy, and sex drive. Effeminate, "campy" gay men sometimes use what John R. Ballew called "camp humor", such as referring to one another by female pronouns (according to Ballew, "a funny way of defusing hate directed toward us [gay men]"); however, such humor "can cause us [gay men] to become confused in relation to how we feel about being men". [76], Researchers have argued that the "precariousness" of manhood contributes to traditionally-masculine behavior. Men and Fatherhood in South Africa", "General Household Survey, 2016 | Statistics South Africa", "Of Mindsets and Men: Tackling Masculinity, Patriarchy, and Privilege in Delhi", "Men and anti-violence initiatives: transnational feminist reflections from Afghanistan and Pakistan", "Pathways to Gender-equitable Men: Findings from the International Men and Gender Equality Survey in Eight Countries", "Popular Culture and Masculinity Ideals in East Asia, with Special Reference to China", "Impact of a Gender-Transformative HIV and Antiviolence Program on Gender Ideologies and Masculinities in Two Rural, South African Communities", "Ideologies of masculinity in women's magazines: a critical stylistic approach", "Constructions of masculinity and their influence on men's well-being: a theory of gender and health", "The mismeasure of masculinity: the male body, 'race' and power in the enumerative discourses of the NFL Draft", "Health, Illness, Men and Masculinities (HIMM): a theoretical framework for understanding men and their health", "Masculinity and transitional justice: an exploratory essay", International Journal of Transitional Justice, "The construction of 'tough' masculinity: Negotiation, alignment and rejection", "Explaining men's entry into female-concentrated occupations: issues of masculinity and social class", "Meta-analyses of the relationship between conformity to masculine norms and mental health-related outcomes", "Color and movement: the male dancer, masculinity and race in film", "Wounded Masculinity: Parsifal and The Fisher King Wound", Boys are stupid, throw rocks at them! In other words, another treatise on masculinity from Pizzolatto. Whistling merrily he strode on into the dim cool bar, with its heavy brown fixtures and solid atmosphere of masculinity. [16][17], The concept of masculinity varies historically and culturally. What is toxic masculinity? In LGBT cultures, masculine women are often referred to as "butch". Masculinity is seen to be the trait which emphasizes ambition, acquisition of wealth, and differentiated gender roles. Deindustrialization and the replacement of smokestack industries by technology have allowed more women to enter the labor force, reducing its emphasis on physical strength. Machismo is a form of masculinity that emphasizes power and is often associated with a disregard for consequences and responsibility. [2]:8–9[3]:153–154 Other possible biological influences include evolution, genetics, epigenetics, and hormones (both during development and in adulthood). Masculinity refers to the social roles, behaviors, and meanings prescribed for men in any given society at any one time. Maybe gay men need to get in touch with their "inner masculine" instead. Although masculinity is socially constructed, research indicates that some behaviors considered masculine are biologically influenced. While the causes of drinking and alcoholism are complex and varied, gender roles and social expectations have a strong influence encouraging men to drink. [78], In 2014, Winegard and Geary wrote that the precariousness of manhood involves social status (prestige or dominance), and manhood may be more (or less) precarious due to the avenues men have for achieving status. 'damned hetero male'), and "直男癌" (lit. At the beginning of the 20th century, a traditional family consisted of the father as breadwinner and the mother as homemaker. Even though most sports emphasize stereotypically masculine qualities, such as strength, competition, and aggression, women who participate in sports are still expected to conform to strictly feminine gender norms. Through media depictions and real-life scenarios, men are seen as being the head of the family — those that provide financially, have decision making power, and really are in charge. Translation for 'definition of masculinity' in the free English-Portuguese dictionary and many other Portuguese translations. [121], In their book Raising Cain: Protecting The Emotional Life of Boys, Dan Kindlon and Michael Thompson wrote that although all boys are born loving and empathic, exposure to gender socialization (the tough male ideal and hypermasculinity) limits their ability to function as emotionally-healthy adults. Identifying those aspects of being a man we most value and then cultivate those parts of our selves can lead to a healthier and less distorted sense of our own masculinity. [147] Although gender equality is becoming a more acknowledged topic in South Africa, for instance, fathers would often rather still hold on to the more traditional gender roles — and pass those ideas down to their sons. An interview with Jack Fritscher, Lesbian masculinity: even stone butches get the blues, "Welcome to our Butch-Femme Definitions Page (blog)", "Snow White in Hellenic primary classrooms: Children's responses to non-traditional gender discourses", "Precarious manhood and its links to action and aggression", Current Directions in Psychological Science, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, The social construction of biological facts, "The Female/Athlete Paradox: Managing Traditional Views of Masculinity and Femininity", https://ideas.repec.org/p/zbw/glodps/152.html, "Health and the social construction of masculinity in ", "Vehicle for Southern African Knowledge? I think a lot of men’s idea of masculinity stems from their fathers. [102], Two concerns over the study of the history of masculinity are that it would stabilize the historical process (rather than change it) and that a cultural overemphasis on the approach to masculinity lacks the reality of actual experience. [133] While there is some evidence of Western and specifically, North American, influence in advertisements found in Chinese and Taiwanese men's magazines as well, it seems that more often than not, those countries’ magazines have just adopted a globally uniform perception of masculinity. 66-77 in, Laurie, Timothy; Hickey-Moody, Anna (2017), ". Ancient literature dates back to about 3000 BC, with explicit expectations for men in the form of laws and implied masculine ideals in myths of gods and heroes. In spite of her aggressive masculinity on the web Sandra & Bozani Vasiliki. 19 ]:77 Connell ( 1987 ) placed emphasis on heterosexuality and its influence on sports! The most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the sports world may elicit more traditionally normative masculinities in participants than other! Discussions of masculinity is seen to be natural are linguistically and culturally to deepen the female experience or. 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