the meaning of india

By 1200 BCE, an archaic form of Sanskrit, an Indo-European language, had diffused into India from the northwest,[27] unfolding as the language of the Rigveda, and recording the dawning of Hinduism in India. [268], Since the end of the Cold War, India has increased its economic, strategic, and military co-operation with the United States and the European Union. [294], The 513.7-million-worker Indian labour force is the world's second-largest, as of 2016[update]. [470], Coordinates: 21°N 78°E / 21°N 78°E / 21; 78, This article is about the Republic of India. [339] The human sex ratio, according to the 2011 census, is 940 females per 1,000 males. Many historians consider this to be the onset of India's colonial period. [451] Unlike China, which has increased its per capita meat consumption substantially in its years of increased economic growth, in India the strong dietary traditions have contributed to dairy, rather than meat, becoming the preferred form of animal protein consumption accompanying higher economic growth. Statistically, more caste and religious diversity reduced private spending. [359] After this there is a long period with virtually nothing surviving. Culture India is now the world's largest democracy, with a population of well over one billion.There are 22 official languages including Hindi and English, though many other languages are spoken in different parts of the country. During the 1950s and 60s, India played a pivotal role in the, Clockwise from top: (a) A farmer in northwestern. [170] According to the Indian naval hydrographic charts, the mainland coastline consists of the following: 43% sandy beaches; 11% rocky shores, including cliffs; and 46% mudflats or marshy shores. [447][446], The foundation of a typical Indian meal is a cereal cooked in plain fashion, and complemented with flavourful savoury dishes. Increasingly, in urban settings in northern India, the sari is no longer the apparel of everyday wear, transformed instead into one for formal occasions. 3 British informal An Indian meal or restaurant. India is a fantastic country with high mountains, big deserts, and many great rivers. [124] Newly coherent social groups in northern and western India, such as the Marathas, the Rajputs, and the Sikhs, gained military and governing ambitions during Mughal rule, which, through collaboration or adversity, gave them both recognition and military experience. [264][265] It is developing a ballistic missile defence shield and, a fifth-generation fighter jet. [394] Regionalised popular forms include filmi and folk music; the syncretic tradition of the bauls is a well-known form of the latter. The kameez is usually cut straight and flat; older kameez use traditional cuts; modern kameez are more likely to have European-inspired set-in sleeves. [36], In the early medieval era, Christianity, Islam, Judaism, and Zoroastrianism put down roots on India's southern and western coasts. [428] In its more modern form, it has been used to cover the head, and sometimes the face, as a veil. Bhārata was selected as the name of the country of India in 1950. [344] Yet, in 2001, over 70% still lived in rural areas. 1 A native or inhabitant of India, or a person of Indian descent. [58] Its forest cover comprises 21.4% of its area. [220] That year, Manmohan Singh became the first prime minister since Jawaharlal Nehru in 1957 and 1962 to be re-elected to a consecutive five-year term. [125] As the empire disintegrated, many among these elites were able to seek and control their own affairs. India has become a fast-growing major economy and a hub for information technology services, with an expanding middle class. It extends as far north as the Satpura and Vindhya ranges in central India. [105], In the 6th and 7th centuries, the first devotional hymns were created in the Tamil language. [411] Child marriages are common, especially in rural areas; many women wed before reaching 18, which is their legal marriageable age. [355] During the Vedic period (c. 1700 BCE – c. 500 BCE), the foundations of Hindu philosophy, mythology, theology and literature were laid, and many beliefs and practices which still exist today, such as dhárma, kárma, yóga, and mokṣa, were established. [382] Indo-Saracenic Revival architecture, developed by the British in the late 19th century, drew on Indo-Islamic architecture.[383]. [373] The style spread to Hindu courts, especially among the Rajputs, and developed a variety of styles, with the smaller courts often the most innovative, with figures such as Nihâl Chand and Nainsukh. In recent years, it has played key roles in the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation and the World Trade Organization. km). [279] In May 2017, the Indian Space Research Organisation launched the South Asia Satellite, a gift from India to its neighbouring SAARC countries. [456] Major domestic competitions include the Indian Premier League, which is the most-watched cricket league in the world and ranks sixth among all sports leagues. The Indian caste system embodies much of the social stratification and many of the social restrictions found in the Indian subcontinent. A country of southern Asia covering most of the Indian subcontinent. [219] Again in the 2004 Indian general elections, no party won an absolute majority, but the Congress emerged as the largest single party, forming another successful coalition: the United Progressive Alliance (UPA). India has substantially reduced its rate of poverty, though at the cost of increasing economic inequality. (Peoples) a native, citizen, or inhabitant of the Republic of India 2. Voted back into power in 1980, the Congress saw a change in leadership in 1984, when Indira Gandhi was assassinated; she was succeeded by her son Rajiv Gandhi, who won an easy victory in the general elections later that year. b : one of the native languages of American Indians. User Submitted Meanings. [178], The Indian climate is strongly influenced by the Himalayas and the Thar Desert, both of which drive the economically and culturally pivotal summer and winter monsoons. The name India is in the English Names category. To understand India, ... We begin to worry more about the rituals than their meaning. [282] In October 2018, India signed a US$5.43 billion (over ₹400 billion) agreement with Russia to procure four S-400 Triumf surface-to-air missile defence systems, Russia's most advanced long-range missile defence system. [327] According to a Food and Agriculture Organization report in 2015, 15% of the population is undernourished. [24] Since then, satellite channels have increasingly shaped the popular culture of Indian society. An acute balance of payments crisis in 1991 forced the nation to liberalise its economy;[290] since then it has moved slowly towards a free-market system[291][292] by emphasising both foreign trade and direct investment inflows. [263] India maintains a "no first use" nuclear policy and is developing a nuclear triad capability as a part of its "Minimum Credible Deterrence" doctrine. The Mughal Empire, in 1526, ushered in two centuries of relative peace,[42] The more vigorous the wobbling, the more understanding there is. [230][231], The Government of India comprises three branches:[233], India is a federal union comprising 28 states and 8 union territories (listed below as 1–28 and A–H, respectively). [281] Much of the military expenditure was focused on defence against Pakistan and countering growing Chinese influence in the Indian Ocean. [179] Four major climatic groupings predominate in India: tropical wet, tropical dry, subtropical humid, and montane. [31] Indian, meaning ‘native of America before the arrival of Europeans,’ is objected to by many who now favor Native American. Hindu and Jain sites appear rather later. [107] By the 8th and 9th centuries, the effects were felt in South-East Asia, as South Indian culture and political systems were exported to lands that became part of modern-day Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Philippines, Malaysia, and Java. eventually establishing the Delhi Sultanate, and drawing northern India into the cosmopolitan networks of medieval Islam. [331][332][333] According to the 2011 census, there were 10.1 million child labourers in the country, a decline of 2.6 million from 12.6 million in 2001. Shakespeare in his 17th century drama, The Tempest, wrote of India as Ind. [127] By this time, with its economic power severely curtailed by the British parliament and having effectively been made an arm of British administration, the company began more consciously to enter non-economic arenas like education, social reform, and culture. [414] Despite a government ban on sex-selective foeticide, the practice remains commonplace in India, the result of a preference for boys in a patriarchal society. India has been a federal republic since 1950, governed in a democratic parliamentary system. [160] It has unresolved territorial disputes with China[161] and with Pakistan. ‘Native Indians and nationalism, the subjects of these... 2 A member of any of the indigenous peoples of North, Central, and South America, especially those of North America. [440] For weddings and formal occasions, men in the middle- and upper classes often wear bandgala, or short Nehru jackets, with pants, with the groom and his groomsmen sporting sherwanis and churidars. [303] India's consumer market, the world's eleventh-largest, is expected to become fifth-largest by 2030. Although at first disruptive for the Indian elites, the sultanate largely left its vast non-Muslim subject population to its own laws and customs. [422], Education system of India is the world's second largest higher education System. [455] [149] The railway network provided critical famine relief,[150] notably reduced the cost of moving goods,[150] and helped nascent Indian-owned industry. [93][94] The Mauryan kings are known as much for their empire-building and determined management of public life as for Ashoka's renunciation of militarism and far-flung advocacy of the Buddhist dhamma. Weddings in India vary according to the region, the religion, the community and the personal preferences of the bride and groom. Muslim armies from Central Asia intermittently overran India's northern plains,[38] However, volcanism and climatic changes later caused the extinction of many endemic Indian forms. [41] [64][68][69], By 55,000 years ago, the first modern humans, or Homo sapiens, had arrived on the Indian subcontinent from Africa, where they had earlier evolved. In white-collar office settings, ubiquitous air conditioning allows men to wear sports jackets year-round. 1997), grand,niece of Britain's Princess Margaret; India Ann Sushil Sood (b. It comprises the Indian Army, the Indian Navy, the Indian Air Force, and the Indian Coast Guard. Health workers about to begin another day of immunisation against infectious diseases in 2006. [46] [417], Many Indian festivals are religious in origin. [312], The Indian automotive industry, the world's second-fastest growing, increased domestic sales by 26% during 2009–2010,[313] and exports by 36% during 2008–2009. Much of India was united under a Muslim sultanate based around Delhi from the 12th century until incorporated in the Mogul empire in the 16th century. [222] The incumbent prime minister is Narendra Modi, a former chief minister of Gujarat. (Peoples) old-fashioned taboo a Native American 3. [132] India was then no longer exporting manufactured goods as it long had, but was instead supplying the British Empire with raw materials. [446] Rice, which requires a lot of water, has been grown traditionally in regions of high rainfall in the northeast and the western coast, wheat in regions of moderate rainfall, like India's northern plains, and millet in regions of low rainfall, such as on the Deccan Plateau and in Rajasthan. [442] They have been also shaped by Islamic rule, particularly that of the Mughals, by the arrival of the Portuguese on India's southwestern shores, and by British rule. [28][disputed – discuss] Instead, it balanced and pacified them through new administrative practices[118][119] and diverse and inclusive ruling elites,[120] leading to more systematic, centralised, and uniform rule. [166], The original Indian Plate survives as peninsular India, the oldest and geologically most stable part of India. In addition, in northern India, it is also wrapped once around each leg before being brought up through the legs to be tucked in at the back. [104] When his successor attempted to expand eastwards, he was defeated by the Pala king of Bengal. [308] During the next four decades, Indian GDP is expected to grow at an annualised average of 8%, making it potentially the world's fastest-growing major economy until 2050. The BJP formed a government briefly in 1996; it was followed by two comparatively long-lasting United Front coalitions, which depended on external support. [133], Historians consider India's modern age to have begun sometime between 1848 and 1885. leaving a legacy of luminous architecture. [450], Cricket is the most popular sport in India. [310], India's telecommunication industry, the world's fastest-growing, added 227 million subscribers during the period 2010–2011,[311] and after the third quarter of 2017, India surpassed the US to become the second largest smartphone market in the world after China. 1,246,880 sq. [291] In 2008, India's share of world trade was 1.68%;[296] In 2011, India was the world's tenth-largest importer and the nineteenth-largest exporter. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west;[f] China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east. [416] Deaths resulting from dowry, mostly from bride burning, are on the rise, despite stringent anti-dowry laws. [350] Hindi, with the largest number of speakers, is the official language of the government. [162], India accounts for the bulk of the Indian subcontinent, lying atop the Indian tectonic plate, a part of the Indo-Australian Plate. [101], The Indian early medieval age, 600 CE to 1200 CE, is defined by regional kingdoms and cultural diversity. [334], Since 1991, economic inequality between India's states has consistently grown: the per-capita net state domestic product of the richest states in 2007 was 3.2 times that of the poorest. [32] What is the meaning of India? [138][139] Although the rebellion was suppressed by 1858, it led to the dissolution of the East India Company and the direct administration of India by the British government. and Buddhism and Jainism had arisen, proclaiming social orders unlinked to heredity. The rights promised to Indians were granted slowly,[45] but technological changes were introduced, and ideas of education, modernity and the public life took root. India stands for eliminating all forms of exploitations from the society. [156] Yet, India is also shaped by seemingly unyielding poverty, both rural and urban;[156] by religious and caste-related violence;[158] by Maoist-inspired Naxalite insurgencies;[159] and by separatism in Jammu and Kashmir and in Northeast India. The Congress was voted out again in 1989 when a National Front coalition, led by the newly formed Janata Dal in alliance with the Left Front, won the elections; that government too proved relatively short-lived, lasting just under two years. [63] India is notable for its religious diversity, with Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, Islam, Christianity, and Jainism among the nation's major religions. [106] They were imitated all over India and led to both the resurgence of Hinduism and the development of all modern languages of the subcontinent. India (Hindi: Bhārat), officially the Republic of India (Hindi: Bhārat Gaṇarājya),[23] is a country in South Asia. [249] Major industries include: textiles, telecommunications, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, food processing, steel, transport equipment, cement, mining, petroleum, machinery, and software. [388][389][390][391] From the 14th to the 18th centuries, India's literary traditions went through a period of drastic change because of the emergence of devotional poets like Kabīr, Tulsīdās, and Guru Nānak. The name India is derived from the word Indus which itself derived from the old Persian word Hindu, from Sanskrit Sindhu. [370], Ancient painting has only survived at a few sites, of which the crowded scenes of court life in the Ajanta Caves are by far the most important, but it was evidently highly developed, and is mentioned as a courtly accomplishment in Gupta times. The ancient Greeksreferre… [204] India hosts more than five hundred wildlife sanctuaries and thirteen biosphere reserves,[205] four of which are part of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves; twenty-five wetlands are registered under the Ramsar Convention. [26] [429] It too is tied around the waist and wrapped. [458][459] Pachisi, from which parcheesi derives, was played on a giant marble court by Akbar. [425] In India's higher education system, a significant number of seats are reserved under affirmative action policies for the historically disadvantaged. [306], According to a 2011 PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) report, India's GDP at purchasing power parity could overtake that of the United States by 2045. [50] [309], According to the Worldwide Cost of Living Report 2017 released by the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) which was created by comparing more than 400 individual prices across 160 products and services, four of the cheapest cities were in India: Bangalore (3rd), Mumbai (5th), Chennai (5th) and New Delhi (8th). [364], Most of the earliest large sculpture is Buddhist, either excavated from Buddhist stupas such as Sanchi, Sarnath and Amaravati,[365] or is rock-cut reliefs at sites such as Ajanta, Karla and Ellora. [400] The Hindi language film industry (Bollywood) is the largest sector representing 43% of box office revenue, followed by the South Indian Telugu and Tamil film industries which represent 36% combined. Information and translations of India in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. [338] The median age was 27.6 as of 2016[update]. [163] These dual processes, driven by convection in the Earth's mantle, both created the Indian Ocean and caused the Indian continental crust eventually to under-thrust Eurasia and to uplift the Himalayas. [103] When Harsha of Kannauj, who ruled much of the Indo-Gangetic Plain from 606 to 647 CE, attempted to expand southwards, he was defeated by the Chalukya ruler of the Deccan. [126], By the early 18th century, with the lines between commercial and political dominance being increasingly blurred, a number of European trading companies, including the English East India Company, had established coastal outposts. [335] Corruption in India is perceived to have decreased. India’s influence on English points towards how language is perpetually in motion, and highlights the importance of former colonies in the making of the modern world. [316], The pharmaceutical industry in India is among the significant emerging markets for the global pharmaceutical industry. [109] The sultanate was to control much of North India and to make many forays into South India. [183] India is a habitat for 8.6% of all mammal species, 13.7% of bird species, 7.9% of reptile species, 6% of amphibian species, 12.2% of fish species, and 6.0% of all flowering plant species. [121] Eschewing tribal bonds and Islamic identity, especially under Akbar, the Mughals united their far-flung realms through loyalty, expressed through a Persianised culture, to an emperor who had near-divine status. Learn more. Several short-lived alliances shared power at the centre. "The country's exact size is subject to debate because some borders are disputed. Capital: New Delhi. And then, the West arrives. Classical music encompasses two genres and their various folk offshoots: the northern Hindustani and southern Carnatic schools. ", Dandapani Natarajan, "Extracts from the All India Census Reports on Literacy." What does India mean? [217] Elections were held again in 1991; no party won an absolute majority. Indian foodways have been influenced by religion, in particular Hindu cultural choices and traditions. Indian definition: 1. belonging to or relating to India or its people: 2. belonging to or relating to Native…. It is the second-most populous country, the seventh-largest country by land area, and the most populous democracy in the world. [423] India had over 900 universities, 40,000 colleges[424] and 1.5 million schools. [h][43] [212][213][214] For most of the period between 1950—when India first became a republic—and the late 1980s, the Congress held a majority in the parliament. All were capped by the advent of independence in 1947, but tempered by the partition of India into two states: India and Pakistan. 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