hirola conservation programme

There is also a small translocated population in Tsavo East National Park, outside the species natural range. More recent findings identify rangeland degradation as the ultimate driver of hirola declines. These restoration efforts aim at restoring grasslands in areas where hirola persist currently as well as future reintroduction sites through bush clearing, grass reseeding and fertilisation. The Hirola Conservation Program (HCP) in partnership with local communities is spearheading the protection of over 1 million acres of new critical hirola habitat, and has partnered with county government of Garissa to restore Arawale National reserve which collapsed in the 1980s. Sclater, P. L. (1889) Description of Hunter's antelope. It has very sharp, lyrate horns which lack a basal pedicle and are ridged along three quarters of their length. Gentry, A. W. and Gentry, A. They are adapted to arid environments with an annual rainfall of 300 to 600mm. However, tree cover has increased by over 250% in the last three decades leading to loss of both food and space for hirola and restricting them to less than 5% of its native range. New York: McGraw-Hill. It is also named the ‘Hunter’s antelope’ after a big game hunter who described it in 1887. Hunter in 1888. Gnusletter 15: 2–5. 244–281. B. They only feed on short, newly sprouted grass. IIID. Biodiversity Conservation Unit, Kenya Wildlife Service: Nairobi, Kenya. A survey in 1995 and 1996 estimated the population to number between 500 and 2,000 individuals with 1,300 as the most reasonable estimate. The hirola, Hunter's hartebeest or Hunter's antelope, is a critically endangered antelope species found on the border between Kenya and Somalia. 465. Hirola have dark thick lyre-shaped horns with bold, conspicuous rings. [29] This association with waterholes may have led to reports that hirola are dependent on surface water. Upon arrival the animals were revived and left to stabilise for a day before being released into their new home where they could explore and establish territories of their own. Together, we are changing the game; supporting communities to govern their wild spaces, identify and lead development projects, build sustainable economies linked to conservation, spearhead peace efforts to mend years of conflict, and shape government regulations to support it all. The hirola antelope is listed as critically endangered by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Andanje, S. A. and Ottichilo, W. K. (1999) Population status and feeding habits of the translocated sub-population of Hunter's antelope or hirola (. By entering your details, you are agreeing to Discover Wildlife terms and conditions. Both adult males and females have these well-developed lyre-shaped horns. The horns, hooves, udders, nostrils, lips and ear tips are black. In: Bubenik, G. A. and Bubenik, A. Gosling, L. M. (1986) The evolution of mating strategies in male antelopes. In 2012, and in an attempt to curtail further hirola declines, the Ishaqbini Community Conservancy, the Northern Rangelands Trust and Kenya Wildlife Service established a 25km2 livestock-free and predator-proof sanctuary to breed hirola and then reintroduce them to the wild within their historic range in eastern Kenya. Walther, F. R. (1990) Hartebeests, Grzimek's Encyclopedia of Mammals. Gentry, A. W. (1990) Evolution and dispersal of African Bovidae. 418–436. Found in a narrow belt of bush and grasslands between Somalia and northern Kenya, the remaining population are subject to predation and human impacts created by the reliance on pastoralism in this remote and arid land. The initial decline of hirolas was linked to a rinderpest epidemic in the 1980s. The Hirola in Tsavo are seasonally breeding well, but signs are that few calves are reaching adulthood and so the population stagnates at about 60 to 70 individuals. The Hirola Conservation Programme (HCP) is a non-governmental organization based in Garissa County in north-eastern Kenya. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Butynski, T. M. (2000) Independent Evaluation of Hirola antelope (Beatrugus hunteri) conservation status and conservation action in Kenya. ��R� i5 V 0*30���eRghe`cTg�����������{�3NsFAq��� Population and habitat assessment of the Critically Endangered hirola. Hirola have large, dark sub-orbital glands used for marking their territories and give them the name "four-eyed antelope". (eds.) h�b``b``�����$� This has also led to them being referred to as the four eyed antelope. Simpson, G. G. (1945) The principles of classification and a classification of mammals. Consequently involving community elders in the capture operation helped entrench support for the sanctuary among the broader community. Description of Hunter's antelope. Having suffered a severe decline, dropping from approximately 14,000 animals in the 1970’s to less than 500 today, the Hirola is in dire need of intervention if the population is to begin recovery. Ć!6 �X��s� �Y��!����.A>���@�� [30], Female hirola give birth alone and may remain separate from the herd for up to two months, making them vulnerable to predation. In some instances, males have been observed to have a grey coloration. 400. The name hirola comes from the Somali name ‘Arawla’ which refers to their rufous-tawny coat colour. How well do you know your UK deer species? They also feed on grasses and forbs (a type of a herbaceous flowering plant) which allow them to go for long periods without water. endstream endobj 210 0 obj <. Further, air transport ensured the sensitive animals were relocated quickly and safely due to the coordinated efforts of ground and air teams that relied on the support and participation of the local Ishaqbini communities. Hirolas are core grazers with selective feeding habits. Smielowski, J. They are usually accompanied by an adult male. Their coat is yellowish-brown with a pale underside. Taking 8 months to construct the physical enclosure and supporting infrastructure, the conservation team engaged with local Ishaqbini community members to develop and agree maintenance plans that would ensure the sustainability of the initiative. Hirolas’ huge pre-orbital glands beneath their eyes resemble spectacles giving the impression that they have four eyes. They may gather together in mixed or single sex herds of up to three individuals; sub-adult or subordinate adult males may form bachelor herds of 2-38 individuals; female sub-adults may join an adult male and; if no other hirola are present, young hirola may attach themselves to a herd of Grant's gazelles or simply spend most of their time alone. This SOS - Save Our Species funded project working with the Northern Rangeland Trust (NRT) aims to stabilise the population by creating a predator free sanctuary for a stock of 48 Hirola to facilitate breeding. Gnusletter 18: 10–11. [23][24], The genus Beatragus originated around 3.1 million years ago and was once widespread with fossils found in Ethiopia, Djibouti, Tanzania and South Africa. Proceedings of the Zoological Society 1889, 372–377. [5], The reasons for the historic decline of the hirola are not known but is likely a combination of factors including disease (particularly rinderpest), hunting, severe drought, predation, competition for food and water from domestic livestock and habitat loss caused by bush encroachment as a result of the extirpation of elephants within its range. Garissa, Kenya. This, and a combination of other factors including, predation and competition with livestock have continued to suppress the recovery of hirola. [6], A translocated population was established in Kenya's Tsavo East National Park with translocations in 1963 and 1996 (Hofmann, 1996; Andanje & Ottichilo, 1999; Butynski,1999; East, 1999). The tall distinctive Hirola (Beatragus hunteri) is the world’s most endangered antelope and is the only existing member of its genus. Already have an account with us? [39][40] As of 2014 23 km2 predator-proof fenced sanctuary has been constructed at Ishaqbini and a founding population of 48 hirola is breeding well within the sanctuary.[41]. Why did 200,000 antelopes suddenly drop dead? This will in the long-term help control increasing tree cover that is threatening the survival of hirola. Towards this, HCP [5][6][7], Despite being one of the rarest antelopes, conservation measures for the antelope have so far been marginal. There are currently less than 500 hirola individuals in the world, with all occurring in the wild. No more than five Hirola were relocated from any one wild herd. Neither Alcelaphus nor Damaliscus engage in flehmen, where the male tastes the urine of the female to determine oestrus. Hyenas and eagles have also been observed to prey upon young hirola shortly after they are born, before the calf and its mother rejoin the herd. In addition to the 48 Hirola, and the removal of predators, team members successfully introduced several zebra, kudu, giraffe, oryx and topi as well as smaller predators such as caracal, genet and civet to populate the sanctuary. This population was translocated from Garissa District in 1963 and 1996 as an insurance in-situ population. Hirola Conservation Programme News Leucistic Rare White Giraffes Captured On Video For The First Time Ever In Ishaqbini Hirola Conservancy In Kenya Vandana.Srivastawa | September 14, 2017 5:42 PM IST Estes, R. D. (1991) The Behaviour Guide to African Mammals. Global Bird Weekend: when it is, and how to take part, The best nature activities to do in autumn, World's largest forest antelope discovered in Uganda, Why human conflict could spell catastrophe for north African wildlife. The HCP is primarily dedicated to promoting conservation of the endangered hirola antelope (Beatragus hunteri) in the region (Figure 1). Hirola guide: where they live, why they’re endangered, and conservation work being done to save them, Giraffe guide: species facts, lifespan and habitat. [2] The global hirola population is estimated at 300–500 animals and there are none in captivity. There are currently less than 500 hirola individuals left in the whole world # WorldHirolaDay Supporting hirola antelope conservation, habitat restoration and local community involvement in eastern Kenya. Springer-Verlag: New York. Sign in to manage your newsletter preferences. Horns, Pronghorns and Antlers. 11th edition. They have experienced a consistent decline since the 1970s from approximately 15,000 individuals to less than 500 individuals currently. (2014) Status of hirola in Ishaqbini community conservancy. [29][30], Adult males attempt to secure a territory on good pasture. Get the lastest conservation updates and learn about SOS projects. The global hirola population is estimated at 300–500 animals and there are none in captivity. The global hirola population is estimated at 300–500 animals and there are none in captivity. 209 0 obj <> endobj The Alcelaphinae contains hartebeest, wildebeest and topi, korrigum, bontebok, blesbok, tiang and tsessebe. or Damaliscus.

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